Mining the Coal
Coal miners use giant machines to remove coal from the ground. They use
two methods: surface or underground mining. Many U.S. coal beds are very
near the ground's surface, and about two-thirds of coal production comes
from surface mines. Modern mining methods allow us to easily reach most of
our coal reserves. Due to growth in surface mining and improved mining
technology, the amount of coal produced by one miner in one hour has more
than tripled since 1978.
Surface
mining is used to produce most of the coal in the U.S. because it
is less expensive than underground mining. Surface mining can be used when
the coal is buried less than 200 feet underground. In surface mining, giant
machines remove the top-soil and layers of rock to expose large beds of
coal. Once the mining is finished, the dirt and rock are returned to the
pit, the topsoil is replaced, and the area is replanted. The land can then
be used for croplands, wildlife habitats, recreation, or offices or stores.

Underground mining, sometimes called deep mining, is
used when the coal is buried several hundred feet below the surface. Some
underground mines are 1,000 feet deep. To remove coal in these underground
mines, miners ride elevators down deep mine shafts where they run machines
that dig out the coal. Read about a
visit to a real underground coal mine.